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.The Digital Revolution, is the shift from and to which began anywhere from the late 1950s to the late 1970s with the adoption and proliferation of digital computers and digital record keeping that continues to the present day. Implicitly, the term also refers to the sweeping changes brought about by digital and during (and after) the latter half of the 20th century. Analogous to the and, the Digital Revolution marked the beginning of the.Central to this revolution is the and widespread use of, and, and their derived technologies, including, digital, and the. These technological innovations have transformed traditional production and business techniques. Rings of time showing some important dates in Digital Revolution from 1968 to 2017 Brief history The underlying technology was invented in the later half of the 19th century, including 's and the.
Became economical for widespread adoption after the invention of the., a Bell Labs mathematician, is credited for having laid out the foundations of n his pioneering 1948 article, A Mathematical Theory of Communication. The digital revolution converted technology that had been analog into a digital format. By doing this, it became possible to make copies that were identical to the original. In digital communications, for example, repeating hardware was able to amplify the digital signal and pass it on with no loss of information in the signal. Of equal importance to the revolution was the ability to easily move the digital information between media, and to access or distribute it remotely.The turning point of the revolution was the change from analogue to digitally recorded music. During the 1980s the digital format of optical gradually replaced formats, such as and, as the popular medium of choice. Origins (1947–1969) In 1947, the first was invented by, and at.
This led the way to more advanced. From the late 1940s, universities, the military, and business developed systems, to digitally replicate and automate previously manually performed mathematical calculations, with the being the first commercially available general-purpose computer.The next major milestones in technology were the invention of the by at in 1958, and the invention of the (MOS) transistor by and at in 1959. The subsequently became the basic building block of the digital revolution, and eventually the most widely manufactured device in history. A key step toward mass commercialization was the advent of the, developed by at in 1959.
This enabled integrated circuits to be mass produced using the techniques of.The development of the MOS integrated circuit by at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968 led to the development of the, the first single-chip. It was released by in 1971, and laid the foundations for the that began in the 1970s.The public was first introduced to the concepts that would lead to the when a message was sent over the in 1969. Networks such as ARPANET, and, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for, in which multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks.The movement of the 1960s advocated the use of new technology.
1970s In the 1970s, the was introduced, the, the first coin-op video games, and the began with. As digital technology proliferated, and the switch from analog to digital record keeping became the new standard in business, a relatively new job description was popularized, the. Culled from the ranks of secretaries and typists from earlier decades, the data entry clerk's job was to convert analog data (customer records, invoices, etc.) into digital data.1980s In developed nations, computers achieved semi-ubiquity during the 1980s as they made their way into schools, homes, business, and industry., in film and television, and video games all fueled what became the zeitgeist of the 1980s. Millions of people purchased home computers, making household names of early personal computer manufacturers such as Apple, Commodore, and Tandy. To this day the Commodore 64 is often cited as the best selling computer of all time, having sold 17 million units (by some accounts) between 1982 and 1994.In 1984, the U.S.
Census Bureau began collecting data on computer and Internet use in the United States; their first survey showed that 8.2% of all U.S. Households owned a personal computer in 1984, and that households with children under the age of 18 were nearly twice as likely to own one at 15.3% (middle and upper middle class households were the most likely to own one, at 22.9%). By 1989, 15% of all U.S. Households owned a computer, and nearly 30% of households with children under the age of 18 owned one. By the late 1980s, many businesses were dependent on computers and digital technology.Motorola created the first mobile phone, in 1983.
However, this device used analog communication - digital cell phones were not sold commercially until 1991 when the network started to be opened in to accommodate the unexpected demand for cell phones that was becoming apparent in the late 1980s.magazine predicted that would be the centerpiece of the revolution, with multiple household devices reading the discs.The first true was created in 1988, and the first were marketed in December 1989 in Japan and in 1990 in the United States. By the mid-2000s, they would eclipse traditional film in popularity.was also invented in the late 1980s. Disney's CAPS system (created 1988) was used for a scene in 1989's and for all their animation films between 1990's and 2004's Home On The Range.invented the in 1989.1990s The first public digital broadcast was of the that June; it was played in 10 theaters in Spain and Italy.
However HDTV did not become a standard until the mid-2000s outside Japan.The became publicly accessible in 1991, which had been available only to government and universities. In 1993 and introduced, the first web browser capable of displaying inline images and the basis for later browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer.
Was the first to offer online internet banking services to all of its members in October 1994. In 1996, also a, became the second online bank in the world and the first in Europe. The expanded quickly, and by 1996, it was part of and many businesses listed websites in their ads. By 1999 almost every country had a connection, and nearly half of and people in several other countries used the on a regular basis. However throughout the 1990s, 'getting online' entailed complicated configuration, and was the only connection type affordable by individual users; the present day mass was not possible.In 1989 about 15% of all households in the owned a personal computer, by 2000, this was up to 51%; for households with children nearly 30% owned a computer in 1989, and in 2000 65% owned one.2000s became as ubiquitous as computers by the early 2000s, with movie theaters beginning to show ads telling people to silence their phones. They also became than phones of the 1990s, most of which only took calls or at most allowed for the playing of simple games.existed in the 1990s but was not widely used until the mid-2000s, when it became a cultural phenomenon.The digital revolution became truly global in this time as well - after revolutionizing society in the in the 1990s, the digital revolution spread to the masses in the in the 2000s.In late 2005 the population of the reached 1 billion, and 3 billion people worldwide used cell phones by the end of the decade.
Became the standard television broadcasting format in many countries by the end of the decade.2010s By 2012, over 2 billion people used the Internet, twice the number using it in 2007. Had entered the mainstream by the early 2010s.
By 2015, and were expected to exceed personal computers in Internet usage. By 2016, half of the world's population was connected. Rise in digital technology use of computers, 1980–2016. Analog to digital transition 1986 - 2014In the late 1980s, less than 1% of the world's technologically stored information was in digital format, while it was 94% in 2007, with more than 99% by 2014. The year 2005 is estimated to be the year when human kind was able to store more information in digital, than in analog format (the 'beginning of the ').It is estimated that the world's capacity to store information has increased from 2.6 (optimally compressed) in 1986, to some 5,000 in 2014 (5 ).
1990. Cell phone subscribers: 12.5 million (0.25% of world population in 1990). Internet users: 2.8 million (0.05% of world population in 1990)2000. Cell phone subscribers: 1.5 billion (19% of world population in 2002).
Internet users: 631 million (11% of world population in 2002)2010. Cell phone subscribers: 4 billion (68% of world population in 2010). Internet users: 1.8 billion (26.6% of world population in 2010)2016. Internet users: 3.9 billion (49.5% of world population in 2016).
A university containing many desktop PCs Converted technologies Conversion of below analog technologies to digital. Main article:and issues also found new life in the digital revolution. The widespread ability of consumers to produce and distribute exact reproductions of protected works dramatically changed the intellectual property landscape, especially in the music, film, and television industries.The digital revolution, especially regarding privacy, copyright, censorship and information sharing, remains a controversial topic. As the digital revolution progresses it remains unclear to what extent society has been impacted and will be altered in the future.Concerns While there have been huge benefits to society from the digital revolution, especially in terms of the accessibility of information, there are a number of concerns. Expanded powers of communication and information sharing, increased capabilities for existing technologies, and the advent of new technology brought with it many potential opportunities for exploitation. The digital revolution helped usher in a new age of, generating a range of new and issues.
Reliability of data became an issue as information could easily be replicated, but not easily verified. The digital revolution made it possible to store and track facts, articles, statistics, as well as minutiae hitherto unfeasible.From the perspective of the, a large part of human history is known through physical objects from the past that have been found or preserved, particularly in written documents. Digital records are easy to create but also easy to delete and modify. Changes in can make recovery of data difficult or near impossible, as can the storage of information on obsolete media for which reproduction equipment is unavailable, and even identifying what such data is and whether it is of interest can be near impossible if it is no longer easily readable, or if there is a large number of such files to identify. Information passed off as authentic research or study must be scrutinized and verified.
These problems are further compounded by the use of and other technologies which, being designed to only allow the data to be read on specific machines, may well make future impossible. The, which is intended to be read by an intelligent (perhaps a suitable parallel to a human from the distant future), is recorded in rather than digital format specifically for easy interpretation and analysis.See also., a period of rapid growth and innovation in Japan which roughly coincided with the Third Industrial Revolution.References.